density and molecules

This week we learned about how water molecules work. When they are warm they move around alot. When they are cold they stay still. Mr. Finley put water in a glass bottle and then put a cork on top. He then put it over a flame and the cork flew off. This is because the water molecules moved up and pushed the cork off. He also put water in a bottle lew out a flame into it. Then he squeesed the bottle and when he let go, there was fog. This is because when there is more presure the particles move faster and there is evaporation. When there is low presure the particles go slow and there is less condensation or no fog. We also learned about density. Volume is how much space something takes up. If something is filled with particles and they are PACKED IN, IT IS DENSE AND HAS MORE mass.( sorry for the caps lock).

Classifications and Symbiotic Relationships.

This week I finished watching the documentaries. On the website I learned about all of the different skulls and what they ate . It was pretty interesting because some species ate fruits and nuts, while another ate meat. We also started learning about how species are catagorized. A man named Carolous Linnaeus camed up with this naming of species. He maned each species by two names. This system is called Binomial Nomenclature. for example, the scientific name for a human is called a homo sapien. His real name is Carl Linny. He changed it to its latin form just like he names species. We also learned about Symbiotic Relationships. There is parisitic which means that the host of the organism gets a negative effect and the other organism gets a posotive effect . For example, and mousquito gets blood from a host and the the host loses blood. Mutalistic is when the host gets a posotive effect and the organ ism gets a posotive effect. For example, an elefant can have birds on it that eat the bugs bothering the elephant. The bird gets to eat, and the elephant is free of flies.

Hominids

This week we learned about hominids.  A hominid is one of the humans closest ancestors.  The hominid walked upright.  There were many skulls found that date back to 4 million years old. The homo erectus has a big brain.  The body is also big.  The hominids are unlike monkeys because their big toe is close to there other toes just like humans.  Monkeys have a toe that is arched out from the others.  This is to help them climb trees.  Hominids are related to human, orangoutangs, gorillas, and monkey's.  

Evolution and populations

This week we learned about adaptions, population, and evolution. Evolution happens over time. It is the changing of species. We evoloved from apes. Things that come from evolution is adaptations, mutations,natural selections, and selective breeding.

Selective breeding- if the organim is best suited in the environment, then they will survive and reproduce. If the organism doesn't suit in the environment, they will die and not reproduce. If the population changes to quickly, then the organisms can't adapt and will die out.

Mutations-random change in the genes

Adaptations-the changes in physical or behavior traits in response to environment that occurs over time

Selective breeding- changes that are artificial that breed two organisms to make a better one

Population can change in many ways. There could be predators that attack the prey and effect the population. Also, environments can change the population. Disease can effect population too. If animals reproduce it will higher the population. When the predators population goes up, the prey go down. When prey population goes up the predator goes down.

Ugenics

Ugenics is the study of improving the human species or human population. Ugenics puts down or discourages the undesirable. It trys to stop people from having defective children that are undesirable.

Adaptation and Natural Selections

This week in science we did three simulations to show examples of population in habitats. This also taught us about adaptations. The simulations tought us how the creatures in our simulation adapted to different environments. This is possible if a blue starburst had a baby with a brown starburst. The offspring might be heterozygous. This means that it might be able to live in purple environment as well as a blue environment. We also learned about predators and prey in one of our simulations. If the prey camoflauges with its background then its population will go up. This is because the predator won't be able to see them and eat them least. If the prey doesn't camoflauge with its environment, the predator will see them and eat them more. Then their population will go down. Blending in with your environment is another adaptation. Our class said that adaptation can be "adapted" over time.

The Cockroaches Week/ Scientific Experiments

This week when we did our cockroach experiment. I learned that scientific experiments can always change. I thought that I had a great procedure, but then my group decided to change some things. The cockroaches can also change your experiment if they do something unexpected.
I also learned that a small thing can change a lot. For example. If you put one of the cockaroaches in a box, and it crawls out everytime, then you would have to add that to your conclusion. You might also change your bug and start over again.

The Cockroaches Week

CCAAMMPP SSPPEEAARRSS!!

What does camp have to do with science? Well I can tell you some reasons.

First of, we learned about different types of waters. There are lotic waters and lintic waters. Lotic water means that the water moves like a lake. Lintic water means that the water stays still, like a lake. We found differnt oragnisms in the water too. If you catch organisms in the lotic water, you can't put them into the lintic water, because that is not their normal habitat.

The rock wall only had one thing that I know is science related. This is the pulleys on the top of the tower. When you pull on one side of the rope the other side goes up. The person climbing would be the weight. The pulley is a mechanical advantage.

On the nature walk we learned about the different rocks. Sedimentary rocks are rocks that are layered. Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been aged. They have no layers. Igneous rocks are rocks that came from volcanoes. They have little holes in them. There was a big field of rocks there. They came here being pushed by glaciers.

Also on the nature walk, we learned about mas and fungi. Mas eats the food from the liken. Liken gather minerals. The get food from the Mas. Fungi get food from dead things. It is a decomposer.

Observations and Cockaroaches!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

monday- worked on project

tuesday-worked on project

On wednesday, we reviewed what an observation is. Below are examples of observations:

-What you see, hear, smell, feel, but not taste
-Notes, descriptions, words, and numbers(quantitative and qualitative)
-Emotion/behavior of what you are observing
-Patterns, changes, trends in order to draw conclusions later on
-To answer a question-come up with more questions
-Opinion-not frequently
-Drawing-by hand or taken by camera
-Macroscopic and Microscopic.

On wedenesday we also observered cockaroaches
They have six legs, they are fast, they run fast when touched, they have spikes on their butt, they stay still when they are covered by something, they have a hard exoskeleton but a softer chest, they can hang upside down, and have little pinchers on their mouth.

On thursday we had a test

On friday we observed the cockaroaches again

Bug week!

This week we worked on our bugs. We finish all of them. The last one was the F3. By the F3 three, the genotypes had about four different colors. When we finished, Mr. Finley picked some of us to read off all of the colors. The colors stood for each person that was in your bugs genes. Once you read off all of the colors, you could then see who is in your bugs' family. This shows how all of the genes are passed down. This could help with genetic variety because you can see how many different people are in your genes.

This week we also worked on our science projects.

Genetic Variety

Genetic Veriety played a very important role when creating my Reebop family. Without genetic variety, every body would look the same. This is because of genotypes. Genotypes is what gives people their hair color, eye color, and every other trait. For example, when I mated my bug with an other bug, we had to match there genes for the eyes, antenas, legs, wings, and dots. If the genotypes for the antenas were the same, then the antenas would be the same. Most of the time, every part of the two bugs had genetic variety. Then the phenotypes(physical traits) will be different. The two bugs in the picture are the parents of my F1. My F1 is in the picture next to them. Do you see how it looks different from them? That is because of genetic variety. It still has some of their traits.

SSCCIIEENNCCEE

On Monday we had a snow day!!!!

On Tuesday we made a chart of the 7th grade science class traits. Then we used the results to show what traits are dominant and recessive. For example, being able to taste a PTC taster would be a dominant trait. It only takes one dominant alleles to be dominant. For home work we had to answer if you could tell that somebody is heterozygous by a trait. You can't tell because you would have to see the alleles.

On Wednesday we went over our charts and figured out what traits are recessive and what traits aren't.

On Thursday we took our egg and sperm cells that we made for home work. We put traits on them and then put them in a cup. This was to prepare for our lab on Friday. It was to support our predicted punett squares. We would pull out an egg and sperm and match the traits four times. Then we compare the results to our original punett squares.

On Friday, we did the lab that I explained. My groups expected punett squares matched our results. Then we tried one trait again and I did not match.

I think that we did this because we needed to see how traits get passed on from generation to generation.

Sciencio weeko.......[:{)-I-(

This week in science we learned about how traits of people work. For example, if a pea is yellow, and the other pea that it is breeding with is yellow, then the children are likely to be yellow if they are both homozygous. This means that the alleles are both dominant. Alleles are traits that can not be seen. A genotype is a set of alleles. A phenotype is a trait that you can see such as brown eyes. For example, brown eyes are more dominant than blue eyes in my family. This means that most of my family members have brown eyes. To figure these problems out, you can use something called punit squares. Punit squares match up alleles to see different traits of people families. For example, if brown eyes are more dominant than blue, Brown would be BB as there alleles. Blue would be bb. These are homozygous, meaning the same alleles. If brown was heterozygous, the alleles would be Bb. They are still brown though because whenever there is one dominant allele in the genotype, it will be the more dominant trait. The only time you will get the recessive trait is when there are two recessive alleles such as bb.

BB-Dominant trait- homozygous
Bb-Dominant trait- heterozygous
bb-recessive trait-homozygous

If your dominant trait is blond hair, and recessive trait is brown hair
And alleles are BB and bb
The four off springs would all be Bb
There for all of the off springs would have Blond hair because there is a dominant trait in all four of the genotypes

sCiEnCe ClAsS

This week we learned about meiosis. Meiosis is sexual reproduction. It is where sex cells are made. The chromosomes go through DNA replication and then split into two new cells. They are now haploid cells because they have 50% of the DNA. It started out with diploid, when it had 100% of the cells. After the chromosomes split, they split again into four sperm cells. We also learned about homologous pairs. These are two of the same pairs of chromatids. In meiosis, the chromosomes have to switch parts of theselves do replicate. Unlike mitosis, the chromosomes are lined up on either side of a plate in the cell. Then they are pulled apart by the spindle fibers.
Another difference between mitosis and miosis is that meiosis has double the stages. For example, there is a prophase1 and prophase2. This is because they make two cells and then they make four. When they replicate for the first time, it is the first stage. The second replication is the second stage.

This weeko in sciencio

This week in science on Monday, we went over the mitosis worksheet. We learned each phase of mitosis. (Interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase, cytokinesis, and interphase). We learned what each phase was and how they were related. This is important because all of them together show how cells divide. On this week we learned alot about chromosomes.

Chromatin-unwound DNA
Chromatid-wound up DNA
Sister Chromotids-two connected chromotids
Centromere-Thing that connects sister chromosomes
Sister Chromotids that are connected by centromere make a chromosome
centrosomes are centrioles after they are split apart
We also learned that a karyotype is a picture of all your chromosomes
The two chromotids are called the mother and father chromotids

All of these terms help us understand mitosis better

We also made a concept map of mitosis terms. That helped us relate each term.

SSSSCCCCIIIIIIEEEEENNNNCCCEEE

We had no school on monday, On tuesday we watched the Presidential inaugeration. On wednesday, we had a test. That narrows it down to thursday and friday. On thursday, we went over the lab. This was the onion root lab. We saw the different phases of the cell replication. This is important because it shows how we make more cells. The cells double their chromosomes and make another cell. On Friday, we learned that the correct term for this was called mitosis. Then we did a cell simulation of the different phases of mitosis on the computer. I learned that spindle fibers pull apart the chromosomes and make new cells with just the right amount of chromosomes in each cell.

An Important week in science......aren't they all?

On Monday's homework, we made a concept map onDNA, genes, protien, m-RNA/t-RNA, codons,amino acid,and chromosomes. This is important because it helps us understand these things and also know what they do together. For example, the DNA exposes the gene which forms the m-RNA and so on.

On Tuesday we learned about reproduction. We learned that cells come from other cells. They replicate the DNA. They are exactly the same. This is called A-sexual. This means that you could reproduce by it self. Sexual is when you have to have contact with another cell or person to reproduce. This is important because your body is constantly reproducing new cells. We also learned about chromosomes. The boy has an x and y chromosome, and the girl has a x and x chromosomes. If the baby gets two x chromosomes, then it is a girl. If they have an x and y chromosome, then it is a boy. The males have a sperm cell, and the girl have an ova cell. When combined, they make a new cell. That is called fertilization. This is important because it shows how people are reproduced. We also did this on Wednesday.

On Thursday and Friday, We did a lab on looking through a microscope looking at the ends of an onions root. This is because the roots grow to get more water. We saw cells and the DNA. Then we answered questions on it.

Science week review

On Monday, we had a two homework questions. One of them was can a plant live under water? They can because there are water molecules, oxygen molecules, and carbon dioxide molecules. They also enough food stored to live for a little while.

On Tuesday we learned about the different molecules in the water. We also learned about why plants are so amazing. This is because they can recycle their own waste. We also learned about how photosynthesis relates to respiration. The chloroplasts take in H2O, CO2, and sunlight (energy). These are the reactants. It gives off sugar and oxygen which go into the mitochondria. The mitochondria gives off CO2, energy, and H2O. These are the products. The reactants are the things that you start off with and they are the beginning off a process. The products are the things that you end up with which are created in the process. Without plants, we wouldn't have energy. Plants take in the sun and convert it into energy. We eat animals that eat plants. All of this shows why plants are so amazing.

On Wednesday, we learned about why fish can't breathe under water. This is because behind their gills, they have a grid sort of thing that keeps water out, but lets oxygen come in that was absorbed under the water. They can't breath above water, because there is too much oxygen and other chemicals like Co2 that can go through their gills. This shows how our lungs are different than a fishes. We also learned about the energy pyramid. There are four sections on it. The plant-autotroph section which is the biggest, the primary consumer section, the secondary consumer section, and the tertiary consumer section, which is the smallest. Each section has a sertain amount of Jules of energy. Each time that you go up a section, it transfer 10% of the Jules of energy. The plants-autotrophs have 1500 Jules of energy. Then it transfers 10% to the next section to make it 150 Jules of energy, and so on. This shows how energy is transferred to make their own food.

On Thursday we had a sub. we got in groups and did a paper on RNA. We also had to watch a computer simulations of how RNA is decoded. The messenger RNA is created to bind with the ribosomes to be decoded. They leave the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm to decode. When it is read , the amino acid is activated by an enzyme. After that, we went to another website to create RNA strands. We first had to decode the RNA letters. Then we had to click and drag the correct codons to make an RNA strand. This shows how peoples genes are duplicated.

On Friday, we just took a quiz on photosynthesis.